Home › Forums › Applied Statistical Methods for Research › Optional Activity 4: Exploring Group Differences

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    • July 15, 2025 at 11:25 pm #8836
      Avatar photoImran_Khan
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      1. Did students improve from pre- to post-test?
        Based on the paired samples t-test, we see that the p-value<0.001. This indicates that the difference was significant, and in the positive direction.
      2. Are gender differences in test performance statistically significant?
        Based on the independent samples t-test, we see that the p-value>0.05. This indicates that the difference between the genders were not statistically significant.
      3. Which study method led to the highest performance?
        Both Flashcards and Group Study outperformed Reading Only, having p-value=0.007 and p-value=0.018 respectively. There was no significant difference between Flashcards and Group Study. Between Flashcards and Group Study, Flashcards slightly outperformed Group Study.
      4. What does the Tukey post hoc test tell us about specific group differences?
        The Tukey post hoc test is used to identify where the differences lie among multiple group means, when an ANOVA indicates the presence of at least one group mean that is significantly different from the to others.
      5. How can these results be applied in designing student support strategies?
        We can use this info to tailor instructional designs that incorporate methods of learning that mitigate the observed effects that hampers learning.
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